420 W 12th Ave

420 W 12th Ave is a 10-story building in Greater Downtown Denver with 98% of its floor area within daylight reach of a facade. This screen estimates 90 homes and scores it 90 out of 100 for office-to-residential conversion suitability.

CO-1 · Screened 2026-09-19 · Strong candidate

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Where 420 W 12th Ave is

Its block in Greater Downtown Denver, drawn from Denver's own building outlines and street centerlines.

1234 N Elati St: already housing1120 N Delaware St: scores 60 out of 1006090N SPEER BLVDN DELAWARE STW 12TH AVEN ELATI STN100 ftGreater Downtown Denver
Suitability score
0–29
30–49
50–69
70–100
  • Already housing
  • Not screened
  • 420 W 12th Ave
420 W 12th Ave and the 1,000 ft of Greater Downtown Denver around it. The streets are drawn at the width of the right-of-way they run down, sidewalks included, and named, and every building on these blocks is drawn. What is left open and stippled is neither: a surface lot, a plaza or a vacant parcel. The screened buildings are colored by the ramp above, the same one the district map uses, carry their score, and each is a link to its own page. Each casts a shadow as long as its measured height lets it, so towers stand out from the low buildings around them; the unscreened buildings have no measured height and cast none. 420 W 12th Ave is outlined in its own score color at the outline it covers at ground level. Dashed inside it is the typical floor, the one the floor-plate figure below draws, because this building steps back as it rises. Its windowless core is hatched. The inset places it among every building the screen covers.
35 ftAA50 ftDaylit 100%
Typical floor plan: 98% of the building’s floor area sits within daylight reach of a facade; the drawing shows its typical floor, where the share is 100%. The shading is daylight, darkest at the windows and gone 35 ft in. Other floors of the building do carry windowless core. The dimension marks the deepest interior point, 35 ft from the nearest window. A–A is where the section beside it is cut.
Ground floor · no homesDaylit10 floors50 ft
Section A–A: cut across the depth of the plate, through the middle of the core. Daylight reaches 35 ft in from every facade, and here it meets in the middle: the plate is thin enough that no floor is left windowless. The steps are where the building sets back as it rises. The shaded ground floor is converted like the rest and counted as no homes.

This building does not pencil at default assumptions, even with a modeled RESIDE Act grant.

Across its 9 residential floors this building carries 1,608 sq ft of windowless core — area that must be gutted, re-plumbed and sprinklered but can never be rented as an apartment.

Modeled conversion metrics for 420 W 12th Ave, 2026-09-19.

Suitability scoreStrong candidate90 / 100
Storiesfrom 116 ft aerial-survey height ÷ 12 ft floor-to-floor10
Height bandsfloor plate by floor range, from the city's roof outlinesFloors 1–2: 12,510 sq ft · Floors 3–9: 10,550 sq ft · Floor 10: 403 sq ft
Floor platetypical floor, from the city outlines10,550 sq ft
Daylight efficiencyshare within 35 ft of a facade98%
Deepest interior pointviability threshold is 80 ft35 ft
Windowless corea measured sliver under 10 sq ft, not counted as windowless floor0 sq ft
Estimated homesat 750 sq ft average90
Conversion cost$360/sq ft all-in on 86,761 sq ft$31.2M
Gap before grantshortfall against completed value$10.0M
Modeled RESIDE grantbelow the statutory cap$5.4M
BuiltDenver does not publish a construction year with this data—
ZoningCivic CenterD-GT
Opportunity Zonenot in a 2018 designated tractNo

The plan: window line, shape and floor rhythm

46 ft of exterior wall for each home the screen estimates — enough for two- and three-bedroom homes across the plan.

The typical floor has 514 ft of exterior wall, and across 9 residential floors the building carries 4,172 ft of it in total, divided among the 90 homes this screen estimates.

Its plate is moderately compact at 0.50: a squarish plan, with enough perimeter for a conventional double-loaded corridor. How window line and plate shape are measured.

At the model’s 750 sq ft average, the plan works out at about 10.0 homes per floor. Its floors are not alike, though: the typical floor's deepest interior point is 35 ft from a facade, while its worst floor reaches 49 ft. The score follows the typical floor, so a podium that could not hold a bedroom does not by itself sink a slim tower above it — but it is there, and it is part of what would have to be drawn around.

Why 420 W 12th Ave scores 90 out of 100

Daylight efficiency 100, Interior depth 100, Scale 60, Finance 75 — each out of 100, then weighted.

Score components for 420 W 12th Ave. Points are the subscore times its weight.

ComponentSubscoreWeightPoints
Daylight efficiency98% of the floor area within 35 ft of a facade, scored from 40% up to 90%10045%45.0
Interior depthdeepest interior point 35 ft from a facade, scored from 80 ft down to 40 ft10025%25.0
Scale90 estimated homes, scored from 0 up to 1506015%9.0
Financeremaining gap is 15% of conversion cost, scored from 60% down to 0%7515%11.3

Most of what it earns comes from daylight efficiency, and what holds it back most is scale, at 60 out of 100: 90 estimated homes, scored from 0 up to 150.

What the conversion would cost

$360 per square foot all-in across 86,761 sq ft of converted floor, or $31.2M in total — about $347K for each of the 90 homes.

All-in cost per square foot for 420 W 12th Ave: base cost plus the code work a change of use triggers.

Base conversion cost$260/sq ft
Plumbing risers to every unit$40/sq ft
Operable windows and glazing$30/sq ft
Additional egress stair$18/sq ft
Fire sprinklers (NFPA 13R)$12/sq ft
All-in$360/sq ft

That cost is charged across every converted square foot, including the 1,608 sq ft of windowless core, which has to be gutted, re-plumbed and sprinklered like the rest of the building and then earns nothing. Against it the model sets a completed value of $236K a home, which for 90 homes is $21.2M.

What would have to be true

A $10.0M gap before any grant, $4.6M after the modeled one. The smallest single change that would close it: average unit size 14% down.

The shortfall before any grant is $10.0M. Closing it from the value side means each of the 90 homes finishing at $347K rather than the $236K the model assumes — 47% more. Closing it from the cost side means getting all-in cost down from $360 to $245 per square foot.

A modeled RESIDE grant of $5.4M moves that threshold to $287K a home. That is still above the $236K assumed, leaving $4.6M uncovered, which is why the grant does not unlock this one.

Nor do all four levers have to move. For 420 W 12th Ave, one alone would close the gap at:

Single-assumption flip points for 420 W 12th Ave, each holding the other three at their defaults.

Average unit sizethe binding constraint — the least this building would need14% downto 643 sq ft
Circulation efficiency17% upto 93%
Conversion cost per square foot20% downto $207/sq ft
Completed value per home22% upto $287K

All four are sliders in the survey, where 420 W 12th Ave re-scores against your own numbers.

How it compares in Greater Downtown Denver

420 W 12th Ave ranks 24th of the 214 buildings screened here, against a median score of 72.

Its floor plate is better lit than 89% of them, and shallower than 88% of them at its deepest interior point. On size it is the 164th largest by estimated homes. The full survey of all 214 buildings ranks and maps every one of them, and the list by address links each to its own page.

Within Civic Center and the D-GT zone

3rd of 23 in Civic Center, 3rd of 15 zoned D-GT — the comparison that shares its rules, rents and streets.

Denver places 23 of the screened buildings in Civic Center. 420 W 12th Ave ranks 3rd of them against a median score of 67. 10 score 70 or more, their median deepest interior point is 62 ft from a facade against this building’s 35 ft, and together they would hold an estimated 5,064 homes. The group’s top scorer is 1314 N Elati St, at 92.

15 of the screened buildings are zoned D-GT. 420 W 12th Ave ranks 3rd of them against a median score of 76. 8 score 70 or more, their median deepest interior point is 54 ft from a facade against this building’s 35 ft, and together they would hold an estimated 2,397 homes. The group’s top scorer is 1314 N Elati St, at 92.

Its nearest match in size: 1770 N Sherman St

The screened building closest to 420 W 12th Ave in converted floor area is 1770 N Sherman St: 86,842 sq ft over 9 stories, against 86,761 sq ft over 10 here.

420 W 12th Ave scores 90 to its 82, and with the size held roughly equal most of that lead comes from interior depth: 100 out of 100 here, 81 there (deepest interior point 48 ft from a facade, scored from 80 ft down to 40 ft). On the money they sit in the same place: each falls short even with the modeled grant. The two stand about 4,400 ft apart.

Would it qualify for a RESIDE Act grant?

The model awards 420 W 12th Ave $5.4M, on the assumption it qualifies. Whether it does, no published dataset can say.

That figure assumes the building meets the Act’s vacant-and-abandoned test, which turns on code-enforcement and receivership records no city publishes.

It does not sit in a 2018 designated Opportunity Zone, so it would not draw that Section 201 priority.

Other buildings screened near 420 W 12th Ave

The 4 closest the screen also covers, from 230 ft away. They are the colored outlines on the plan at the top of this page.

  • 1234 N Elati St
    16 stories · 91% daylit · already a condominium building
    about 230 ft away
  • 1120 N Delaware St
    7 stories · 75% daylit · 102 estimated homes · scores 60/100 (Worth a feasibility study)
    about 440 ft away
  • 1244 N Speer Blvd
    11 stories · 77% daylit · 152 estimated homes · scores 67/100 (Worth a feasibility study)
    about 630 ft away
  • 290 W 12th Ave
    7 stories · 100% daylit · already a condominium building
    about 690 ft away

A screen, not a feasibility study, from outlines and heights rather than plans: the method and how to correct a figure. If you know this building’s interior, you know what this model cannot see.