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Housing permits in every CDBG city, and what the Innovation Fund asks

The Innovation Fund is open to places that show “an objective improvement in housing supply growth,” measured by a method HUD has not yet published. Here are Census building permits per resident for 939 of the 1,004 metropolitan cities that get Community Development Block Grant money directly from HUD, comparing 2020–22 with 2023–25. This is public context, not HUD’s test and not a list of eligible places.

Checked against the enacted text of Public Law 119-101 · Updated

At a glance

  • Direction: 368 of 939 cities permitted more homes per resident a year in 2023–25 than in 2020–22; 508 permitted fewer; and 63 were unchanged to one decimal place.
  • Highest rates, large cities: among cities of 250,000 or more, Port St. Lucie, FL (14.2), Atlanta, GA (13.7), Durham, NC (12.9), Miami, FL (12.9), Nashville-Davidson, TN (11.0) permitted the most units per 1,000 residents a year in 2023–25.
  • Biggest increases, large cities: Atlanta, GA (+3.0), Pittsburgh, PA (+2.9), St. Petersburg, FL (+2.8), Miami, FL (+2.3), Cleveland, OH (+1.5).
  • Not HUD’s measure: as of October 26, 2026, HUD had published no method or list of eligible places for the fund.

Housing permitted in every CDBG city

New housing units authorized by building permits per 1,000 residents a year, averaged over 2020–22 and 2023–25. Sort by any column.

939 cities

New York, NY*8,584,6292.83.1+0.3
Los Angeles, CA3,869,0893.73.0−0.7
Chicago, IL2,731,5852.01.5−0.6
Houston, TX2,397,3156.95.6−1.2
Phoenix, AZ1,665,4817.76.8−0.9
Philadelphia, PA*1,574,2817.22.2−5.0
San Antonio, TX*1,548,4227.94.5−3.4
San Diego, CA*1,406,1063.44.6+1.2
Dallas, TX*1,329,4916.14.9−1.3
Fort Worth, TX1,028,11711.710.8−0.9
Austin, TX1,002,63218.910.7−8.2
San Jose, CA989,8141.42.7+1.3
Columbus, OH938,3966.27.3+1.1
San Francisco, CA826,0792.61.4−1.3
Seattle, WA784,77712.06.7−5.3
Denver, CO*740,61310.96.5−4.3
Nashville-Davidson, TN721,07421.511.0−10.4
Oklahoma City, OK719,8495.86.4+0.7
Washington, DC693,6459.83.1−6.8
El Paso, TX*683,0122.92.7−0.3
Las Vegas, NV679,8175.74.7−1.0
Boston, MA672,9735.53.0−2.6
Detroit, MI649,0951.73.0+1.3
Portland, OR*635,1093.63.2−0.5
Baltimore, MD569,9972.82.1−0.7
Milwaukee, WI562,4070.30.20.0
Albuquerque, NM556,5882.52.2−0.3
Fresno, CA*555,5493.62.5−1.0
Tucson, AZ*548,3713.52.8−0.7
Sacramento, CA536,4495.54.3−1.2
Atlanta, GA*529,11010.713.7+3.0
Kansas City, MO521,2204.43.9−0.6
Mesa, AZ513,6568.44.5−3.9
Raleigh, NC506,30613.210.8−2.3
Brookhaven Town, NY*496,4100.61.0+0.4
Miami, FL489,81210.512.9+2.3
Omaha, NE488,7976.87.6+0.8
Virginia Beach, VA453,7371.91.2−0.7
Long Beach, CA*450,4691.61.2−0.4
Oakland, CA440,8382.80.9−1.8
Minneapolis, MN430,3248.01.9−6.1
Bakersfield, CA*422,1653.84.0+0.1
Tulsa, OK416,2092.02.00.0
Tampa, FL413,5548.96.9−2.0
Aurora, CO410,0538.76.4−2.3
Arlington, TX402,1345.63.8−1.8
Wichita, KS400,9872.53.8+1.3
Cleveland, OH*363,6080.72.2+1.5
New Orleans, LA*362,1543.42.4−0.9
Henderson, NV353,28911.210.4−0.8
Anaheim, CA341,0082.01.7−0.3
Islip Town, NY*340,8670.20.20.0
Orlando, FL333,88812.67.4−5.2
Lexington-Fayette, KY*329,7515.03.6−1.4
Stockton, CA324,5972.21.4−0.8
Newark, NJ323,8084.95.5+0.6
Riverside, CA*323,0571.72.3+0.6
Irvine, CA318,7646.46.8+0.5
Corpus Christi, TX*317,2473.93.90.0
Santa Ana, CA*315,5862.72.4−0.3
Cincinnati, OH314,3673.11.5−1.5
Greensboro, NC308,6675.06.2+1.2
Pittsburgh, PA*307,6323.86.7+2.9
St. Paul, MN*306,6845.82.1−3.7
Durham, NC*305,56113.412.9−0.5
Jersey City, NJ*302,01312.17.8−4.3
Lincoln, NE*301,5228.26.6−1.6
North Las Vegas, NV296,65312.37.5−4.8
Plano, TX293,0283.91.8−2.1
Gilbert Town, AZ287,2857.35.2−2.0
Anchorage Municipality, AK*287,1552.61.0−1.6
Madison, WI286,2339.910.4+0.4
Reno, NV*283,62113.48.7−4.7
Chandler, AZ278,7485.13.0−2.2
St. Louis, MO*278,1442.91.0−1.9
Chula Vista, CA275,5334.73.1−1.6
Buffalo, NY*274,6130.90.7−0.3
Lubbock, TX273,07112.37.9−4.4
Laredo, TX*269,5155.75.4−0.3
Port St. Lucie, FL268,06224.514.2−10.3
St. Petersburg, FL264,0335.48.2+2.8
Toledo, OH263,4230.90.6−0.3
Glendale, AZ260,5723.64.8+1.1
Winston-Salem, NC257,2717.27.4+0.2
Irving, TX257,0764.21.6−2.7
Chesapeake, VA255,3324.42.6−1.9
Garland, TX249,6251.53.4+1.9
Scottsdale, AZ243,0067.76.1−1.6
Boise City, ID238,4296.75.0−1.6
Richmond, VA237,2576.910.7+3.7
Frisco, TX236,95514.914.9−0.1
Cape Coral, FL236,26422.114.1−8.1
McKinney, TX236,00112.017.3+5.3
Huntsville, AL233,6278.78.70.0
Norfolk, VA231,0135.52.9−2.6
Hialeah, FL230,9683.74.0+0.3
Spokane, WA*230,7832.54.8+2.3
Tacoma, WA229,8167.52.7−4.8
Santa Clarita, CA228,4303.02.4−0.6
Fremont, CA226,4423.01.8−1.2
Baton Rouge, LA*222,7951.25.0+3.7
San Bernardino, CA*222,0440.60.5−0.1
Fontana, CA221,2235.26.4+1.2
Babylon Town, NY*219,7660.40.3−0.1
Modesto, CA*219,6521.21.5+0.2
Salt Lake City, UT*218,42816.411.8−4.5
Moreno Valley, CA214,2631.83.0+1.2
Worcester, MA*213,8621.72.6+0.9
Sioux Falls, SD213,74817.510.6−6.9
Yonkers, NY*212,6032.51.2−1.3
Des Moines, IA212,0862.54.5+2.0
Grand Prairie, TX209,4348.05.8−2.2
Fayetteville, NC209,1202.13.3+1.2
Little Rock, AR206,4274.93.9−1.0
Rochester, NY*206,1081.81.3−0.5
Huntington Town, NY*205,8910.50.9+0.3
Amarillo, TX205,1303.64.3+0.7
Tallahassee, FL*204,9029.18.3−0.9
Overland Park, KS203,6772.83.7+0.9
Knoxville, TN*202,0215.27.7+2.5
Grand Rapids, MI201,1831.43.6+2.2
Peoria, AZ200,8817.37.0−0.3
Mobile, AL200,8240.51.9+1.4
Vancouver, WA199,69810.15.6−4.5
Oxnard, CA199,6511.42.4+1.0
Birmingham, AL*195,8933.52.9−0.6
Providence, RI195,3101.01.00.0
Montgomery, AL*195,3001.41.8+0.4
Chattanooga, TN*194,1446.45.3−1.1
Brownsville, TX*192,9575.85.8−0.1
Huntington Beach, CA*191,4510.92.4+1.5
Tempe, AZ*190,5718.76.8−1.9
Clarksville, TN188,82916.811.9−4.9
Fort Lauderdale, FL188,6772.53.3+0.8
Glendale, CA*187,1602.21.4−0.9
Ontario, CA187,0135.09.4+4.4
Elk Grove, CA185,0073.67.2+3.6
Cary Town, NC183,5829.95.5−4.4
Newport News, VA*183,2301.21.4+0.2
Salem, OR181,7796.14.4−1.8
Aurora, IL*181,5050.52.3+1.8
Santa Rosa, CA179,4376.24.3−1.9
Eugene, OR178,6185.94.6−1.4
Rancho Cucamonga, CA177,8564.52.4−2.0
Pembroke Pines, FL176,7140.31.6+1.3
Shreveport, LA175,9021.31.2−0.1
Surprise, AZ175,30418.419.2+0.8
Fort Collins, CO171,5004.55.9+1.4
Murfreesboro, TN171,17811.37.8−3.5
Oceanside, CA170,4832.43.0+0.6
Garden Grove, CA170,4551.61.3−0.2
Lancaster, CA170,0842.44.2+1.8
Springfield, MO169,8473.10.9−2.3
Denton, TX169,43119.517.6−1.9
Roseville, CA167,30211.611.0−0.7
Killeen, TX161,8836.75.5−1.2
Palmdale, CA*161,8451.91.2−0.6
Paterson, NJ*161,7933.62.1−1.5
Corona, CA161,7341.01.3+0.3
Alexandria, VA160,6623.80.3−3.5
Charleston, SC*159,4239.17.8−1.3
Salinas, CA159,1341.01.1+0.1
Kansas City, KS*157,8051.62.2+0.5
Macon-Bibb County, GA*157,5561.00.9−0.1
Hayward, CA*157,1132.60.8−1.8
Hollywood, FL157,0192.00.2−1.8
Lakewood, CO156,9274.60.8−3.7
Sunnyvale, CA156,5776.01.9−4.0
Springfield, MA*154,7020.30.6+0.3
Bellevue, WA154,1937.04.3−2.7
Naperville, IL153,1143.12.3−0.8
Bridgeport, CT*152,2731.41.6+0.2
Joliet, IL152,2412.02.3+0.2
Mesquite, TX150,6933.04.0+0.9
McAllen, TX150,6408.09.9+1.9
Savannah, GA*149,4402.93.9+1.0
Gainesville, FL*148,6718.410.5+2.1
Pasadena, TX148,5390.90.5−0.3
Palm Bay, FL148,09216.919.4+2.5
Pomona, CA147,8072.42.7+0.3
Waco, TX147,7886.07.4+1.4
Thornton, CO147,7666.73.2−3.6
Midland, TX147,6156.88.4+1.6
Rockford, IL147,3840.20.7+0.5
Columbia, SC147,03510.613.2+2.6
Visalia, CA146,5416.33.6−2.6
Escondido, CA146,0302.03.1+1.1
Syracuse, NY*144,8960.13.4+3.3
Lakewood Township, NJ*143,7659.010.0+1.0
Meridian, ID142,98822.212.6−9.6
Miramar, FL*142,5703.31.6−1.7
Elizabeth, NJ*141,6751.91.4−0.5
Victorville, CA*141,3954.22.7−1.5
Round Rock, TX141,28212.110.1−2.0
Jackson, MS*141,1960.20.9+0.7
Stamford, CT139,5351.35.0+3.7
Lewisville, TX139,0069.68.1−1.5
Coral Springs, FL138,7830.91.0+0.1
New Haven, CT138,7743.94.1+0.3
Fullerton, CA138,6750.21.0+0.8
Torrance, CA*138,3911.21.8+0.6
Orange, CA138,3650.60.9+0.3
Cedar Rapids, IA137,9352.53.6+1.1
West Valley City, UT137,4912.51.3−1.2
Hampton, VA*137,3151.40.7−0.7
Warren, MI137,1380.30.2−0.1
Dayton, OH136,6881.21.8+0.6
Fargo, ND136,2759.06.9−2.2
Pasadena, CA*135,8041.81.6−0.3
Kent, WA*134,8712.91.1−1.8
Carrollton, TX134,5622.74.9+2.2
Sterling Heights, MI133,9311.62.3+0.7
Santa Clara, CA133,4469.23.7−5.5
Abilene, TX131,5886.04.9−1.1
Norman, OK130,9435.13.2−1.9
Columbia, MO130,8514.34.8+0.5
Amherst Town, NY130,4421.90.4−1.5
Pearland, TX129,9304.11.0−3.2
Clovis, CA*129,3477.95.1−2.8
College Station, TX127,4727.78.3+0.5
West Palm Beach, FL127,18910.41.9−8.4
Allentown, PA*126,0440.10.8+0.7
Topeka, KS125,7951.91.5−0.4
Lakeland, FL125,5209.55.8−3.7
Goodyear, AZ125,35924.422.2−2.2
Simi Valley, CA*124,8611.80.8−1.0
Rochester, MN124,2925.86.4+0.5
Vallejo, CA*123,2870.20.8+0.6
Concord, CA*123,2611.31.3+0.1
Arvada, CO*122,9012.82.6−0.2
Odessa, TX122,70710.27.3−2.9
Cambridge, MA*122,5885.01.8−3.2
New Braunfels, TX122,49226.515.5−11.1
Fairfield, CA122,4894.22.7−1.5
Thousand Oaks, CA122,2300.60.5−0.1
Hartford, CT*121,9810.10.4+0.4
Berkeley, CA*121,9114.03.0−1.0
Independence, MO121,6752.20.7−1.5
Billings, MT121,2396.93.8−3.1
High Point, NC120,5714.95.7+0.7
Nampa, ID120,38418.611.9−6.7
Lowell, MA119,9710.81.2+0.4
League City, TX*119,9054.57.3+2.8
Conroe, TX119,56429.220.1−9.1
Antioch, CA118,9584.82.2−2.6
Menifee, CA*118,59211.39.0−2.3
Pompano Beach, FL*117,2113.53.0−0.6
Las Cruces, NM*116,9787.15.6−1.4
Manchester, NH*116,8181.22.3+1.1
West Jordan, UT*116,8125.33.9−1.3
Westminster, CO116,1823.41.0−2.3
Evansville, IN*116,1762.41.9−0.5
Waterbury, CT115,7710.20.4+0.2
Elgin, IL*115,4761.82.8+1.0
Greeley, CO115,07310.04.6−5.3
Temecula, CA114,8654.55.5+1.0
Provo, UT114,5274.52.5−1.9
Rio Rancho, NM*114,4199.110.4+1.3
Clearwater, FL114,3641.50.8−0.8
Tuscaloosa, AL*114,3168.53.9−4.6
Lansing, MI*113,8842.82.0−0.8
Tyler, TX113,7234.23.4−0.9
Miami Gardens, FL*113,5792.80.6−2.3
Everett, WA113,5673.83.9+0.1
Allen, TX113,4478.65.1−3.5
Springfield, IL*112,9891.31.0−0.3
Beaumont, TX112,9672.51.7−0.8
South Fulton, GA*112,8207.75.8−1.9
Carlsbad, CA112,2601.93.6+1.7
Sparks, NV111,9028.85.9−2.9
Gresham, OR111,5133.23.0−0.2
Santa Maria, CA*111,3905.72.8−2.9
Hillsboro, OR*111,1266.84.8−2.0
Peoria, IL*110,9200.40.3−0.1
Davie Town, FL*110,8511.51.0−0.5
Edinburg, TX*110,7009.912.7+2.9
San Buenaventura (Ventura), CA*109,9143.40.9−2.5
Palm Coast, FL109,88621.719.5−2.1
Edison Township, NJ*109,0771.80.9−0.9
Costa Mesa, CA*108,8810.90.0−0.8
St. George, UT108,71315.310.0−5.3
Downey, CA108,4681.01.4+0.4
Lee's Summit, MO107,5147.58.4+0.8
Bend, OR107,34212.212.6+0.4
Jurupa Valley, CA*107,3113.82.7−1.1
Green Bay, WI106,6751.32.5+1.2
Fayetteville, AR106,62311.115.4+4.2
Rialto, CA*106,5540.40.3−0.1
Brockton, MA*106,1340.70.5−0.2
Boulder, CO*105,6892.93.1+0.3
Dearborn, MI*105,6110.20.20.0
West Covina, CA*105,3010.50.9+0.3
Yuma, AZ105,2276.46.3−0.1
Chico, CA105,0816.72.2−4.6
El Monte, CA*105,0750.71.2+0.6
Sandy Springs, GA*105,0131.85.1+3.3
Woodbridge Township, NJ104,8023.42.2−1.2
Suffolk, VA104,69910.86.5−4.4
Lynn, MA*104,2361.42.6+1.2
Vacaville, CA103,8505.24.0−1.3
San Mateo, CA103,3371.21.0−0.2
Quincy, MA103,1732.81.7−1.1
Burbank, CA102,9881.61.5−0.2
Hesperia, CA102,6053.43.4+0.1
Wichita Falls, TX101,9511.80.9−0.9
New Bedford, MA*101,8340.30.1−0.2
El Cajon, CA101,7550.51.4+0.9
Albany, NY101,6982.92.1−0.8
Inglewood, CA*101,6621.92.6+0.7
Boca Raton, FL101,5821.40.7−0.7
Fort Myers, FL101,58120.616.7−3.9
Clinton Charter Township, MI101,3741.51.3−0.2
Daly City, CA*101,2611.00.8−0.1
Avondale, AZ100,98316.315.1−1.2
Toms River Township, NJ100,8993.21.5−1.7
San Angelo, TX100,6404.52.7−1.8
Edmond, OK100,4797.88.4+0.5
Davenport, IA100,3581.12.1+1.0
Deltona, FL100,2675.02.6−2.4
Longmont, CO*100,1097.610.0+2.4
Federal Way, WA99,7291.80.8−1.0
Merced, CA99,7247.33.4−3.9
Canton Charter Township, MI99,7143.92.4−1.5
Kenosha, WI99,2391.91.4−0.5
Plantation, FL99,1837.31.2−6.1
Roanoke, VA*99,1113.72.1−1.5
Sunrise, FL98,8460.00.00.0
Temple, TX*98,41220.114.2−5.9
Vista, CA98,2742.62.1−0.5
Beaverton, OR*97,8425.53.2−2.3
Yakima, WA97,4583.52.7−0.7
Norwalk, CA*97,1040.20.1−0.2
Chino, CA96,9575.63.7−1.9
Portsmouth, VA96,7772.01.9−0.1
Greenville, NC96,4436.39.5+3.2
Bellingham, WA96,3959.45.8−3.6
Lawrence, KS*96,3673.61.7−1.9
O'Fallon, MO96,1016.74.7−2.0
Reading, PA*95,8320.00.00.0
Lehi, UT95,31321.610.2−11.4
Fall River, MA*95,2980.70.6−0.1
Orem, UT95,2142.70.4−2.3
San Marcos, CA94,9084.26.4+2.3
Norwalk, CT*94,5081.22.0+0.7
Greece Town, NY*94,4840.90.4−0.5
Indio, CA94,2697.54.4−3.1
Hamilton Township, NJ94,1570.80.90.0
Redding, CA94,0922.31.5−0.9
Hemet, CA*93,6491.93.4+1.5
Asheville, NC*93,5235.46.7+1.3
Livonia, MI92,6030.50.6+0.2
Nashua, NH92,4350.52.1+1.6
Sandy, UT92,3861.50.5−1.0
Frederick, MD92,05912.811.8−1.1
Bryan, TX91,99611.610.1−1.5
Erie, PA91,8380.10.10.0
Trenton, NJ*91,5060.70.1−0.7
Roswell, GA91,5052.62.2−0.3
Champaign, IL91,1956.65.0−1.6
Clifton, NJ*91,1271.51.4−0.1
Fort Smith, AR90,8553.33.6+0.4
Carson, CA*90,8081.10.3−0.8
Newton, MA90,7411.43.1+1.7
Springdale, AR90,6852.65.8+3.2
Lawton, OK90,5030.51.2+0.6
Compton, CA*90,5000.71.4+0.6
Mission Viejo, CA90,4841.10.4−0.7
Franklin, TN90,22611.46.9−4.6
Santa Monica, CA*90,0821.95.7+3.8
South Gate, CA90,0712.82.0−0.7
Santa Fe, NM89,8377.66.2−1.4
Ogden, UT*89,5105.85.3−0.5
Deerfield Beach, FL89,3391.80.4−1.3
Lawrence, MA*89,3200.20.10.0
Bloomington, MN89,0345.12.7−2.4
Danbury, CT89,0331.10.4−0.8
Mission, TX88,9925.77.6+1.9
Westminster, CA*88,9662.11.3−0.9
Daytona Beach, FL88,47123.616.9−6.7
Kennewick, WA88,3663.45.8+2.4
Duluth, MN88,3302.33.6+1.3
Cheektowaga Town, NY*88,1600.61.5+0.9
Waukegan, IL87,9400.10.10.0
Warner Robins, GA87,76111.07.8−3.2
South Jordan, UT87,61416.57.1−9.4
Rancho Cordova, CA87,5547.810.9+3.1
Melbourne, FL87,0972.91.6−1.3
Colonie Town, NY*86,8372.21.3−0.8
Baytown, TX86,5612.93.3+0.4
Medford, OR86,4944.07.0+3.1
Santa Barbara, CA*86,4221.60.6−0.9
Sioux City, IA86,3563.21.9−1.3
Citrus Heights, CA*86,3481.40.4−0.9
Lake Forest, CA86,3334.71.4−3.3
Auburn, WA86,3010.80.1−0.6
Homestead, FL86,2425.37.3+2.0
New Rochelle, NY85,86410.61.8−8.7
Whittier, CA85,8152.60.7−2.0
Kissimmee, FL85,5916.58.1+1.7
Upper Darby Township, PA*85,4580.00.00.0
Mountain View, CA*85,4389.72.8−6.9
San Leandro, CA85,3531.40.7−0.7
Layton, UT85,3087.14.6−2.5
Auburn, AL85,11315.69.0−6.6
Cranston, RI84,6470.60.6−0.1
Somerville, MA*84,2111.51.1−0.4
Warwick, RI84,1870.92.1+1.3
Castle Rock Town, CO83,81515.35.5−9.8
Livermore, CA*83,4570.71.5+0.8
Jonesboro, AR*83,29610.49.7−0.7
Farmington Hills, MI83,2910.20.3+0.1
Perris, CA*83,2372.34.9+2.6
Longview, TX83,2363.92.1−1.7
Pasco, WA*82,8487.110.1+3.0
Hawthorne, CA*82,7410.30.4+0.1
Lake Charles, LA82,6765.87.5+1.8
Boynton Beach, FL82,3962.32.2−0.1
Westland, MI*82,3330.80.6−0.2
Redwood City, CA*82,1781.61.50.0
Newport Beach, CA*81,9772.21.9−0.3
Cicero Town, IL*81,8580.00.00.0
Buena Park, CA*81,7411.11.10.0
Miami Beach, FL*81,5940.60.8+0.1
Woodbury, MN81,55811.17.0−4.1
Loveland, CO*81,38711.67.1−4.5
Lynchburg, VA81,3473.04.0+0.9
Pharr, TX*80,8303.53.4−0.1
Largo, FL80,6900.80.4−0.4
Rapid City, SD80,58911.99.8−2.1
Cherry Hill Township, NJ*79,9653.42.0−1.5
Alhambra, CA*79,8201.61.60.0
Bethlehem, PA79,6442.42.1−0.4
Flower Mound Town, TX79,5406.01.3−4.7
Upland, CA79,4461.50.8−0.7
Flint, MI*79,3060.20.5+0.3
Broomfield, CO79,1746.511.3+4.8
Plymouth, MN78,9422.53.7+1.2
Missoula, MT78,90313.16.6−6.5
Bloomington, IL78,8042.31.2−1.1
Milpitas, CA78,5963.53.0−0.5
Wyoming, MI78,5883.83.3−0.5
Parma, OH*78,5810.40.2−0.2
Bowling Green, KY78,50512.48.6−3.8
Lakewood, CA78,0100.20.8+0.5
Bismarck, ND77,9636.52.9−3.6
Racine, WI77,9080.02.6+2.6
Tustin, CA77,8431.41.0−0.4
San Marcos, TX*77,83011.015.2+4.3
Marysville, WA77,6866.59.8+3.2
Pittsburg, CA77,5424.10.9−3.2
Chino Hills, CA*77,5190.50.7+0.2
Brick Township, NJ77,4021.51.1−0.4
Missouri City, TX77,3277.75.5−2.2
Flagstaff, AZ77,2607.58.3+0.8
Schaumburg Village, IL*77,2491.21.1−0.1
Pawtucket, RI77,0650.30.0−0.3
Rogers, AR*76,95611.29.2−2.0
Alameda, CA76,8765.01.1−3.9
Rocklin, CA76,8217.53.4−4.1
Caldwell, ID76,62917.021.1+4.1
Napa, CA*76,56211.31.6−9.7
Gulfport, MS*76,5066.915.0+8.1
Evanston, IL76,3801.00.5−0.5
New Britain, CT76,2860.71.1+0.4
Iowa City, IA76,2294.13.5−0.6
Arlington Heights Village, IL76,2160.71.7+1.0
Southfield, MI76,1110.80.7−0.1
Rock Hill, SC*75,9116.15.3−0.8
Hammond, IN75,7120.10.2+0.1
Lauderhill, FL*75,6680.00.3+0.3
Scranton, PA*75,5140.00.00.0
Appleton, WI75,4521.61.4−0.3
Greenville, SC75,3108.28.1−0.1
Apple Valley Town, CA75,2471.51.1−0.4
St. Cloud, FL74,96017.020.7+3.6
Johnson City, TN74,9434.66.0+1.4
Bayonne, NJ*74,7449.22.7−6.5
Bellflower, CA*74,7190.91.2+0.3
Pleasanton, CA*74,5561.81.9+0.1
West Des Moines, IA74,22412.24.9−7.3
Tamarac, FL74,1341.60.7−0.9
Tulare, CA73,9074.46.0+1.6
Wilmington, DE73,5123.63.2−0.4
Framingham, MA73,0210.70.4−0.2
Turlock, CA72,8641.51.7+0.2
Jacksonville, NC72,7321.01.0−0.1
Kalamazoo, MI72,6830.20.1−0.1
St. Cloud, MN*72,6472.93.4+0.5
Harlingen, TX*72,4673.24.7+1.5
Eau Claire, WI72,4656.88.2+1.4
Commerce City, CO72,34519.311.4−7.9
Conway, AR72,32813.17.3−5.8
Mount Vernon, NY*72,3040.00.00.0
East Orange, NJ*72,1593.43.8+0.4
Dothan, AL72,0603.33.5+0.2
Idaho Falls, ID71,7856.316.6+10.3
Ocala, FL71,75312.48.3−4.1
Camden, NJ71,4300.50.1−0.4
Passaic, NJ*71,3371.60.9−0.6
Lafayette, IN*71,2387.18.9+1.8
Gaithersburg, MD*71,1131.30.1−1.2
St. Joseph, MO71,0011.30.4−0.9
Tonawanda Town, NY*70,8530.10.00.0
Old Bridge Township, NJ70,2283.80.5−3.3
Walnut Creek, CA*70,0121.60.3−1.4
Waterford Charter Township, MI*69,9221.51.2−0.3
Kyle, TX69,91740.621.7−18.8
Portland, ME69,9115.43.3−2.0
Shawnee, KS69,8486.92.5−4.4
Delray Beach, FL*69,8093.35.1+1.8
Casa Grande, AZ*69,75322.013.1−9.0
Yuba City, CA*69,4850.82.3+1.5
Schenectady, NY*69,4711.10.0−1.1
Greenwood, IN69,3497.87.4−0.3
Jackson, TN*69,3392.52.3−0.3
Franklin Township, NJ69,1050.60.4−0.1
Lodi, CA*69,1005.32.7−2.6
Madera, CA*69,0174.31.8−2.5
Canton, OH*69,0010.40.3−0.1
Baldwin Park, CA*68,8800.61.1+0.5
Camarillo, CA*68,6521.94.6+2.7
Haverhill, MA68,3610.60.5−0.1
Pflugerville, TX68,31613.213.9+0.7
Ames, IA68,2202.01.5−0.5
Rowlett, TX*67,89012.17.2−5.0
Decatur, IL*67,8840.10.10.0
Plymouth Town, MA*67,84613.44.1−9.3
Palo Alto, CA67,6092.43.0+0.7
Sanford, FL67,48312.88.0−4.9
Oshkosh, WI67,4604.12.5−1.6
Gary, IN*67,2890.10.10.0
Redondo Beach, CA*67,2811.91.90.0
Middletown Township, NJ*67,1353.52.9−0.6
Gloucester Township, NJ*67,0852.03.7+1.7
Janesville, WI66,9294.02.3−1.7
Waterloo, IA*66,9190.83.4+2.6
Albany, GA*66,9071.20.6−0.6
Union City, NJ*66,6561.61.1−0.5
Eagle Mountain, UT*66,55726.516.7−9.8
Skokie Village, IL*66,5440.41.5+1.2
Cheyenne, WY66,5078.24.6−3.6
Victoria, TX66,5003.51.6−1.9
Port Orange, FL66,3956.31.2−5.2
Malden, MA66,3700.21.2+1.1
Fairfield Town, CT66,2622.23.5+1.3
Davis, CA66,1102.42.0−0.3
Palatine Village, IL65,8420.10.4+0.3
Marana Town, AZ65,52324.321.5−2.9
Muncie, IN65,4660.80.80.0
Lorain, OH65,3661.81.0−0.7
Union City, CA65,2820.31.1+0.8
Richland, WA65,2588.58.6+0.1
Kenner, LA65,1360.82.0+1.1
North Little Rock, AR65,1204.22.9−1.3
Waltham, MA*65,0370.80.7−0.1
South San Francisco, CA64,9411.63.8+2.3
Bellevue, NE64,8635.53.4−2.0
Greenwich Town, CT*64,8011.51.4−0.1
Lower Merion Township, PA64,6911.53.9+2.4
Hamilton, OH*64,6441.11.0−0.1
West Hartford Town, CT*64,2421.31.1−0.2
Laguna Niguel, CA64,1071.61.8+0.2
Palm Beach Gardens, FL*63,8836.57.5+1.0
Union Township, NJ*63,67515.55.0−10.5
Moore, OK63,6093.42.0−1.5
Marietta, GA63,5746.41.2−5.2
Chapel Hill Town, NC*63,5654.45.5+1.1
Lynwood, CA*63,5121.51.4−0.1
Brookline Town, MA63,4142.20.9−1.3
Smyrna Town, TN63,3219.515.5+6.0
Bossier City, LA63,2594.84.9+0.1
Porterville, CA63,0883.22.2−0.9
Eden Prairie, MN63,0753.82.8−1.0
Bentonville, AR63,05716.620.4+3.8
Utica, NY*62,9780.00.00.0
White Plains, NY62,8719.62.3−7.3
Bensalem Township, PA62,7831.80.5−1.3
Lakewood, WA62,7552.15.2+3.1
Vineland, NJ62,7031.11.2+0.1
Council Bluffs, IA62,6801.65.2+3.5
Wellington Village, FL62,6620.60.8+0.2
Taunton, MA62,5222.23.7+1.5
Woodland, CA62,5134.62.6−2.0
Jupiter Town, FL62,3500.90.7−0.2
Bristol, CT62,3411.20.7−0.5
Piscataway Township, NJ*62,2535.12.5−2.7
Irvington Township, NJ*62,2332.21.0−1.2
Hanford, CA*62,2294.17.2+3.0
San Clemente, CA62,2261.30.5−0.8
Pontiac, MI*62,0770.11.1+1.0
Hamden Town, CT*61,8240.30.5+0.2
Santa Cruz, CA*61,7972.53.2+0.6
Blue Springs, MO61,6327.63.0−4.6
Corvallis, OR61,4992.64.5+1.9
Burlington, NC61,49610.88.8−2.1
North Bergen Township, NJ61,4832.42.3−0.1
Springfield, OR*61,4313.35.0+1.7
Spring Hill, TN*61,33617.010.9−6.1
Taylor, MI*61,2790.60.60.0
La Habra, CA60,9080.51.1+0.6
Owensboro, KY60,8925.34.2−1.2
North Miami, FL60,8843.31.5−1.9
Meriden, CT60,8100.41.0+0.6
Hamburg Town, NY60,7682.53.5+1.0
Gilroy, CA60,7644.01.7−2.4
Encinitas, CA*60,7362.25.3+3.1
Montebello, CA*60,6931.92.7+0.7
Dearborn Heights, MI60,6640.20.20.0
Grand Forks, ND60,3653.71.6−2.1
Great Falls, MT60,2082.91.5−1.5
Revere, MA*60,1410.83.9+3.0
West Allis, WI60,1190.73.8+3.1
Kokomo, IN59,9992.52.1−0.4
La Mesa, CA59,9142.73.0+0.3
Medford, MA*59,83416.40.1−16.2
Manchester Town, CT59,7730.50.4−0.1
Weymouth Town, MA59,7596.71.4−5.3
Texas City, TX59,73315.212.8−2.4
Petaluma, CA59,6881.22.8+1.6
Brookhaven, GA59,6438.05.4−2.7
Dubuque, IA59,1482.13.7+1.6
Hoboken, NJ*59,0271.41.0−0.4
Pico Rivera, CA58,9150.91.9+1.0
Bozeman, MT*58,81420.416.1−4.3
Midwest City, OK*58,7992.64.1+1.5
Des Plaines, IL*58,7720.30.1−0.2
Pocatello, ID58,7715.93.2−2.7
Terre Haute, IN*58,7641.12.1+1.1
Abington Township, PA*58,6560.21.0+0.7
Carson City, NV*58,5714.86.2+1.4
Gardena, CA*58,4601.82.4+0.6
Sarasota, FL58,4589.010.3+1.3
Lancaster, PA58,3660.14.4+4.3
Cupertino, CA58,3331.21.6+0.4
Springfield, OH58,2811.73.1+1.4
Santee, CA58,2052.71.7−1.0
Coeur d'Alene, ID*58,1799.67.0−2.6
Decatur, AL58,0562.13.5+1.4
Bradenton, FL58,0145.74.4−1.3
St. Clair Shores, MI57,8720.20.20.0
National City, CA57,8072.90.8−2.1
Royal Oak, MI*57,5832.62.3−0.3
Kingsport, TN57,5303.54.9+1.3
Taylorsville, UT57,4841.11.6+0.5
Monterey Park, CA57,4570.21.4+1.2
Kettering, OH*57,3960.50.1−0.4
Lincoln, CA57,36715.510.3−5.2
New Brunswick, NJ*57,1332.60.8−1.7
Albany, OR*56,8942.50.8−1.6
Perth Amboy, NJ56,7390.71.4+0.7
Olympia, WA56,7244.83.6−1.2
DeSoto, TX*56,6814.03.0−1.0
Parsippany-Troy Hills Township, NJ*56,6331.74.8+3.0
Bloomfield Township, NJ56,3750.10.4+0.3
West Sacramento, CA56,21610.44.5−5.9
Twin Falls, ID56,2169.25.0−4.2
Valdosta, GA*56,1869.79.5−0.2
Anderson, IN*56,1531.11.0−0.1
Peabody, MA*55,9530.50.4−0.1
Port Arthur, TX55,8046.00.7−5.2
Logan, UT55,5767.96.8−1.1
Lower Paxton Township, PA55,5644.11.5−2.7
Fountain Valley, CA55,5081.12.5+1.4
Mount Prospect Village, IL55,3950.11.0+0.8
West Haven, CT55,3510.20.4+0.3
Chicopee, MA*55,3100.30.2−0.1
Rocky Mount, NC55,1202.21.8−0.4
Berwyn, IL*55,0010.10.10.0
Wayne Township, NJ*54,8190.30.3−0.1
Manhattan, KS54,6732.42.5+0.2
Jeffersonville, IN54,13411.710.4−1.2
Elkhart, IN54,0921.83.5+1.7
Bristol Township, PA54,0630.61.6+1.1
Union Town, NY*53,9720.31.0+0.7
Grand Island, NE53,9433.84.4+0.6
Joplin, MO53,9308.34.2−4.1
Stratford Town, CT*53,9081.01.8+0.8
Pensacola, FL53,8172.21.4−0.8
Galveston, TX*53,6364.45.1+0.7
Elyria, OH53,6342.83.2+0.5
Milford Town, CT*53,6063.32.4−1.0
Normal Town, IL53,2751.82.0+0.3
Palm Desert, CA53,2594.08.1+4.1
Summerville Town, SC53,1775.66.1+0.6
Oak Park Village, IL*52,8230.60.0−0.6
Millcreek Township, PA52,6800.70.70.0
Sherman, TX52,41713.525.7+12.1
Cathedral City, CA52,3753.42.0−1.4
Delano, CA52,3340.93.2+2.3
Pinellas Park, FL52,2951.90.6−1.3
Middletown, OH52,1463.21.7−1.5
Battle Creek, MI*52,0210.20.2−0.1
Fort Pierce, FL51,7377.27.7+0.5
Huntington Park, CA*51,5440.00.2+0.1
Mishawaka, IN51,2260.82.7+1.9
Cleveland, TN51,1726.69.4+2.8
Florissant, MO51,1240.00.3+0.3
Haverford Township, PA*50,9970.30.1−0.3
East Hartford Town, CT50,9680.10.10.0
Troy, NY50,9120.42.4+2.0
Hoffman Estates Village, IL50,8580.00.1+0.1
Harrisonburg, VA*50,8391.02.2+1.2
La Crosse, WI50,7841.50.4−1.1
Paramount, CA*50,7550.30.9+0.6
Watsonville, CA*50,7162.51.3−1.2
Harrisburg, PA50,5221.21.3+0.1
Enid, OK50,2970.60.3−0.3
Irondequoit Town, NY50,1800.10.6+0.5
Barnstable Town, MA*50,1012.93.0+0.1
Portage, MI49,8623.13.2+0.1
Aliso Viejo, CA49,8440.00.00.0
Titusville, FL*49,8002.82.4−0.4
Glendora, CA49,6711.11.8+0.6
Rosemead, CA*49,4102.74.5+1.8
Sheboygan, WI49,3762.02.9+0.9
East Lansing, MI*49,3550.30.0−0.2
Gainesville, GA49,22117.110.1−7.0
Lakewood, OH49,0270.12.8+2.8
Hattiesburg, MS*48,8020.90.8−0.1
Wauwatosa, WI*48,6490.20.0−0.2
Biloxi, MS48,5163.05.7+2.7
Middletown, CT*48,4390.40.4−0.1
Prescott, AZ48,4207.910.4+2.5
East Providence, RI*48,2490.22.9+2.7
Euclid, OH*47,9620.10.10.0
Attleboro, MA47,4471.30.8−0.5
Redford Charter Township, MI*47,4320.10.10.0
Mansfield, OH*47,3811.20.8−0.4
Minot, ND47,3082.82.0−0.8
Niagara Falls, NY*47,2550.00.00.0
Kiryas Joel Village, NY47,14716.810.6−6.2
Mentor, OH47,0101.71.70.0
Roseville, MI46,8630.10.2+0.1
Monroe, LA*46,8603.61.7−1.8
Sayreville Borough, NJ46,7872.01.7−0.3
Arlington Town, MA*46,5632.10.5−1.5
Moorhead, MN46,5335.35.1−0.2
Mankato, MN46,5296.75.6−1.1
Binghamton, NY*46,4181.21.3+0.1
Charleston, WV*46,1170.40.3−0.1
Farmington, NM46,0551.41.1−0.3
Rancho Santa Margarita, CA45,7790.00.00.0
West Lafayette, IN45,7475.424.6+19.1
Bremerton, WA45,4829.35.3−4.1
Salem, MA*45,3813.31.0−2.3
York, PA*45,3420.81.1+0.2
Palm Springs, CA*45,3155.12.5−2.6
Blacksburg Town, VA45,10410.91.3−9.6
Sierra Vista, AZ44,9071.50.6−0.9
Huntington, WV*44,8150.20.2+0.1
Woonsocket, RI44,5800.71.9+1.2
Fond du Lac, WI*44,5411.20.7−0.5
Wilkes-Barre, PA44,5230.10.10.0
Charlottesville, VA*44,3883.57.4+3.9
El Centro, CA44,3821.90.8−1.1
Hagerstown, MD*44,2281.91.2−0.8
Leominster, MA*44,1941.10.3−0.8
Burlington, VT*44,0192.96.0+3.1
Cleveland Heights, OH*43,7500.00.5+0.5
Lompoc, CA*43,3150.40.9+0.5
Alexandria, LA*42,9381.60.3−1.4
Pittsfield, MA*42,9090.30.3+0.1
Shelton, CT42,8803.92.0−1.9
Saginaw, MI*42,8630.10.0−0.1
Midland, MI42,8061.53.1+1.5
Florence, AL42,5812.74.0+1.3
Jefferson City, MO*42,4891.10.5−0.6
Moline, IL*42,3621.11.6+0.5
Altoona, PA42,3470.00.2+0.2
Fitchburg, MA42,1360.80.6−0.2
Lancaster, OH41,9563.66.4+2.8
Covington, KY41,8472.63.8+1.2
Danville, VA41,6473.32.5−0.8
Cedar Falls, IA41,2402.42.5+0.2
Florence, SC*41,2317.28.5+1.3
State College Borough, PA40,8442.40.0−2.4
Annapolis, MD40,6341.13.3+2.2
Dover, DE40,5922.14.4+2.4
Westfield, MA*40,5461.21.0−0.2
DeKalb, IL*40,4672.21.8−0.4
Wausau, WI40,1883.22.6−0.6
Norwich, CT40,0010.90.90.0
Spartanburg, SC*39,9781.00.9−0.1
Urbana, IL39,7195.11.7−3.4
Grants Pass, OR39,2394.43.3−1.0
Ewing Township, NJ*39,0304.62.6−2.1
Lewiston, ME38,8661.12.0+0.9
Atlantic City, NJ*38,7873.91.4−2.5
Redmond, OR38,54716.911.5−5.4
Lincoln Park, MI*38,5290.00.00.0
Longview, WA*38,3622.01.3−0.7
Warren, OH*38,3280.00.00.0
Pine Bluff, AR38,2130.40.6+0.2
Hilton Head Island Town, SC38,1968.33.6−4.7
Holyoke, MA38,0230.11.1+1.0
Hot Springs, AR37,9794.54.50.0
Panama City, FL*37,80611.87.3−4.5
New Albany, IN*37,4631.41.2−0.2
Muskegon, MI*37,2241.11.5+0.4
Leavenworth, KS37,0120.90.5−0.3
Hinesville, GA36,6746.05.5−0.5
Beloit, WI36,6492.10.9−1.2
Rock Island, IL36,2250.50.2−0.2
Texarkana, TX*36,1951.34.8+3.5
Norristown Borough, PA35,9110.51.1+0.7
Opelika, AL*35,76516.816.3−0.5
Fairborn, OH35,7544.03.3−0.7
Wenatchee, WA35,5475.86.1+0.3
Elizabethtown, KY35,44812.319.1+6.9
Oak Ridge, TN*35,3959.26.8−2.4
Holland, MI*35,3723.14.8+1.8
Mount Vernon, WA35,1932.71.8−0.9
Clearfield, UT35,14414.93.0−11.9
Goldsboro, NC*35,0122.93.9+1.0
New Bern, NC34,7247.38.3+0.9
Lewiston, ID34,7171.93.8+1.9
Lima, OH34,6951.30.5−0.7
Dover, NH34,6233.08.7+5.7
Goshen, IN34,5251.92.2+0.3
Walla Walla, WA34,0583.13.8+0.8
Chester, PA*33,9960.30.20.0
Salisbury, MD33,8452.22.5+0.4
Aiken, SC*33,8086.711.9+5.2
Petersburg, VA*33,7343.02.5−0.4
Rochester, NH33,7164.55.1+0.7
Ithaca, NY*33,6326.94.4−2.5
Morristown, TN33,51710.56.7−3.8
Gadsden, AL33,3670.20.9+0.7
Long Branch, NJ*33,32120.01.8−18.2
Bangor, ME32,5181.81.9+0.2
Poughkeepsie, NY32,4992.33.9+1.6
Shawnee, OK32,4743.04.3+1.3
Goleta, CA32,4012.32.7+0.3
Massillon, OH*32,1684.84.80.0
Bay City, MI*31,8680.80.0−0.8
Rome, NY*31,6822.72.1−0.6
Seaside, CA*31,6360.02.1+2.1
Princeton, NJ31,4690.20.2+0.1
Michigan City, IN*31,3381.00.9−0.1
Anderson, SC31,3234.86.4+1.6
Pekin, IL*31,2770.50.2−0.3
Crestview, FL*31,1939.714.0+4.3
Northampton, MA*31,0471.11.3+0.2
Jackson, MI*31,0220.13.1+3.0
Gloucester, MA*30,6274.02.6−1.4
Hopkinsville, KY30,4111.84.8+3.0
Fredericksburg, VA30,3935.01.6−3.4
Morgantown, WV30,2930.20.10.0
Hazleton, PA*30,2860.50.1−0.4
Middletown, NY*30,0982.30.5−1.8
Jacksonville, AR29,4601.84.4+2.6
Texarkana, AR29,1231.11.10.0
Monterey, CA*28,9530.40.4−0.1
Eagle Pass, TX*28,9264.42.8−1.6
Saratoga Springs, NY*28,7683.64.2+0.6
Parkersburg, WV28,5930.10.2+0.1
Slidell, LA*28,3410.50.40.0
Bridgeton, NJ*28,3070.00.8+0.8
Port Huron, MI28,2730.10.2+0.1
Winchester, VA28,2725.82.7−3.1
Danville, IL28,1380.00.1+0.1
Bristol, TN*28,1073.14.0+0.9
Millville, NJ*28,0981.30.8−0.4
Newburgh, NY*28,0590.90.8−0.1
New London, CT*28,0031.50.3−1.2
Henderson, KY27,8221.12.5+1.4
Kent, OH27,7370.30.1−0.2
Jamestown, NY27,6630.00.00.0
Neenah, WI27,6383.64.5+0.9
Williamsport, PA27,3840.60.1−0.4
Sebastian, FL27,3528.86.0−2.8
Denison, TX26,82213.98.3−5.5
Staunton, VA26,8012.45.9+3.5
Lebanon, PA26,4790.10.4+0.3
Superior, WI26,3970.30.30.0
Elmira, NY*26,0894.12.3−1.8
Auburn, NY25,9470.10.1+0.1
Wheeling, WV25,6801.60.1−1.5
East Chicago, IN25,6100.40.0−0.3
Auburn, ME25,4415.53.2−2.3
Yarmouth Town, MA25,2250.81.1+0.3
Norton Shores, MI*25,0880.71.1+0.4
Bessemer, AL24,9840.72.7+2.0
San Benito, TX*24,9802.23.9+1.7
Barberton, OH*24,7480.33.1+2.7
Marshall, TX24,4674.01.3−2.8
Hammond, LA*24,03231.222.6−8.6
Sandusky, OH24,0010.70.70.0
Waynesboro, VA23,9515.112.9+7.8
Kingston, NY*23,9420.13.2+3.0
Watertown, NY*23,5170.00.9+0.9
Kankakee, IL*23,4000.01.0+1.0
Chambersburg Borough, PA*23,3761.711.3+9.6
West Memphis, AR23,3360.81.1+0.4
Hopewell, VA*23,2611.61.3−0.3
Portsmouth, NH*23,0287.711.2+3.5
Carlisle Borough, PA*22,6932.51.0−1.6
La Porte, IN*22,6003.34.0+0.7
Christiansburg Town, VA22,4424.83.9−0.9
Biddeford, ME*22,3990.94.4+3.6
Alliance, OH21,5820.60.3−0.3
Pascagoula, MS*21,4090.20.3+0.1
Fort Walton Beach, FL21,0971.75.7+4.1
Ashland, KY*20,9960.10.4+0.3
Anniston, AL*20,9300.20.5+0.4
Ashland, OR20,8893.73.1−0.6
Monroe, MI20,0760.00.6+0.6
Cocoa, FL19,7777.40.4−7.0
Orange, TX*19,4191.57.0+5.5
Martinsburg, WV*19,2112.83.0+0.2
Cumberland, MD18,7990.10.5+0.3
Colonial Heights, VA18,7380.50.8+0.3
Weirton, WV18,1330.40.30.0
Anacortes, WA18,0806.71.6−5.1
Steubenville, OH17,9220.00.00.0
Morganton, NC*17,8496.55.5−1.0
Johnstown, PA*17,6540.00.00.0
Radford, VA17,2431.31.5+0.2
McKeesport, PA*16,9070.00.00.0
Marco Island, FL16,42112.16.3−5.8
Bristol, VA16,4180.60.7+0.1
Beckley, WV16,3730.10.10.0
Douglas, AZ*16,0380.81.0+0.2
Asbury Park, NJ15,6321.95.5+3.6
Thibodaux, LA15,5734.03.5−0.6
Glens Falls, NY*14,3830.12.4+2.3
Bloomsburg Town, PA*13,3750.10.00.0
East Cleveland, OH*13,2290.00.00.0
Sharon, PA*12,6480.00.00.0
Dunkirk, NY12,3260.00.00.0
Rantoul Village, IL11,9910.10.4+0.4
Moss Point, MS*11,7430.00.00.0
Niles, MI*11,6650.11.6+1.5
Ocean City, NJ11,10117.612.8−4.8
Vienna, WV10,3210.50.50.0
Berwick Borough, PA10,2970.20.5+0.3
Paradise Town, CA*10,023122.147.4−74.7
Muskegon Heights, MI*9,7700.00.00.0
Benton Harbor, MI*8,8030.41.4+1.0

Units in all new privately owned residential buildings from the Census Bureau’s Building Permits Survey annual place files (reported plus imputed), divided by the Census Bureau’s Vintage 2025 population estimates for the same years. Residents are the 2025 estimate. * At least one permit office covering the city reported fewer than 12 months in at least one year, so the estimates include imputed data; hover for the years. Cities are HUD’s metropolitan cities (CDBG entitlement grantees) from its 2024 grantee areas layer, matched to Census records by state and name. Retrieved 2026-11-05.

How to read it

Permits count homes authorized, not homes finished, and one year can swing with a single large project or a deadline. Averaging three years smooths some of that, and three years is the span Section 208 asks applicants to report on. A city that permits a lot can still show a drop, and a city that permits little can show a rise; the Build Now Act’s statutory formula for CDBG likewise looks at whether growth is speeding up, not how fast it is. Section 208 does not borrow that formula.

The survey counts new buildings only. Homes created inside existing buildings, including every office-to-housing conversion, are not in these figures. For what six large cities have enacted under the twelve kinds of reform the fund rewards, see Innovation Fund reforms, city by city.

Not a list of eligible places. HUD decides eligibility by a method it has yet to publish, and must also weigh an even spread of rural, suburban and urban places. A high or rising permit rate here does not mean a city will be eligible, and a low one does not mean it won’t.

CDBG cities not in the table

65 of HUD’s 1,004 metropolitan cities are not in the table. They are listed here so none is silently dropped.

Puerto Rico municipios: not in the Census Bureau's city and town population file (27)

Aguadilla Municipio, PR; Arecibo Municipio, PR; Bayamon Municipio, PR; Cabo Rojo Municipio, PR; Caguas Municipio, PR; Canovanas Municipio, PR; Carolina Municipio, PR; Cayey Municipio, PR; Cidra Municipio, PR; Fajardo Municipio, PR; Guayama Municipio, PR; Guaynabo Municipio, PR; Humacao Municipio, PR; Isabela Municipio, PR; Juana Diaz Municipio, PR; Manati Municipio, PR; Mayaguez Municipio, PR; Ponce Municipio, PR; Rio Grande Municipio, PR; San German Municipio, PR; San Juan Municipio, PR; San Sebastian Municipio, PR; Toa Alta Municipio, PR; Toa Baja Municipio, PR; Trujillo Alto Municipio, PR; Vega Baja Municipio, PR; Yauco Municipio, PR

HUD's name could not be matched to one Census place (4)

Columbus-Muscogee County, GA; Honolulu, HI; Louisville-Jefferson Mcg, KY; Houma-Terrebonne, LA

The Census Bureau's permit files have no separate line for the city (31)

Colorado Springs, CO; Grand Junction, CO; Pueblo, CO; Athens-Clarke County, GA; Augusta-Richmond County, GA; Brunswick, GA; Dalton, GA; Rome, GA; Bloomington, IN; Columbus, IN; Fort Wayne, IN; Indianapolis, IN; South Bend, IN; Lafayette, LA; Bowie, MD; Traverse City, MI; Charlotte, NC; Concord, NC; Hickory, NC; Kannapolis, NC; Lenoir, NC; Salisbury, NC; Wilmington, NC; Akron, OH; Bowling Green, OH; Cuyahoga Falls, OH; Marietta, OH; Newark, OH; Youngstown, OH; Sumter, SC; Memphis, TN

Missing from the permit files in at least one year (3)

Gastonia, NC; Mooresville Town, NC; Penn Hills Municipality, PA

Questions

Is my city eligible for the Innovation Fund?

No one can say yet. Section 208 of the ROAD to Housing Act opens the fund to metropolitan cities, urban counties, other units of general local government and Indian tribes that have demonstrated an objective improvement in housing supply growth, as HUD determines. HUD must publish its method in the Federal Register for comment at least 90 days before the funding notice, and post the list of eligible places. As of October 26, 2026, it had published neither.

Do building permits decide Innovation Fund eligibility?

Not necessarily. HUD could measure permits, completions or the change in housing units, over any window. Permits are shown here because they are the most widely used public yearly count of new housing for individual cities. An application must include data on the housing added over the three years before it applies, which is why this page compares three-year windows.

Which large cities permitted the most housing per resident in 2023–25?

Among the 86 listed cities with at least 250,000 residents, the highest rates were Port St. Lucie, FL (14.2 per 1,000 a year), Atlanta, GA (13.7 per 1,000 a year), Durham, NC (12.9 per 1,000 a year), Miami, FL (12.9 per 1,000 a year), Nashville-Davidson, TN (11.0 per 1,000 a year). These are Census permit counts, not HUD's measure.

Why isn't my city in the table?

HUD's grantee list has 1,004 metropolitan cities. 939 are in the table. The others are listed below it with the reason: most often the Census Bureau's permit files have no separate line for the city, or the city is a Puerto Rico municipio, which the Census city and town population file does not cover. Urban counties are not shown, because Census does not report permits for an urban county's own boundaries.

Do these numbers include office-to-housing conversions?

No. The Building Permits Survey counts new residential buildings. Homes created inside an existing building, including office conversions, are not counted.

Sources

  1. U.S. Government Publishing Office, “Public Law 119-101, Section 208”
  2. HUD, “Community Development Block Grant Grantee Areas (open data)”
  3. U.S. Census Bureau, “Building Permits Survey, annual place files”
  4. U.S. Census Bureau, “City and town population estimates, Vintage 2025”

More on the law: The ROAD to Housing Act explained · Environmental review changes · CDBG and HOME changes · Opportunity Zones · The 2027 Opportunity Zone map · The Innovation Fund · Innovation Fund reforms, city by city · The Build Now Act · Manufactured housing and the chassis rule · Chassis-free manufactured homes by state · Manufactured home zoning by city · RESIDE Act funding status · How RESIDE grants should be sized · Which buildings meet the RESIDE test · The ban on large investors buying homes